Steam boiler



Aug. 25, 19%. D. s. JAcoBus I v 2,,52,2W-

STEAM BOILER Original Filed April 50, 1924 5 SheetsSheet l I VEN TOR.

Aug 25, W36.- I D. s. JACOBUS 2,9523% STEAM BOILER Original Filed April 30, 1924 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Ill Aug. 25,1936. D. s. JACOBUS 2,052,299

STEAM I BOILER Original Filed April 50, 1924 5 Sheets-Sheet s Emil!!! i INVENTOR. /OW yzfl T T RA/Ey's.

Aug, 25, W36. I D. s. JACOBUS 7 2,U52,29

STEAM BOILER Original Filed April 30, 1924 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Aug 25, 1936. D. s. JACOBUS 2,052,299

STEAM BOILER INVENTQR I RX ATTORNEYS amazes s'raarw semen David S. raeetuareisey city. N. it, tailgate to 'lhe Eabcock a. Wilcox (Company, Bayonne, N. It, a corporation of New Jersey 7 compact and efficient manner; This invention is ers of this type.- g v My ihventionwill best beunderstood by reference'to the accompanying" drawings, in which Fig. l is a sectionalside-elevatlon illustrating a steam boiler embodying my invention; Figs. 1*, 1 and 1 are detail views illustrating certain of the parts or 1; Fig.2 is'a front view of a hea'derfor the upper bank of tubes; Fig. 3 is a side view of the header shownin Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a rearview thereof; Fig. 5 is a front view of one of the headers for the lower bank of tubes; Figs. 6 and 7 are side and rear views, respectively, of the header shown inFig. 5; Fig. 8 is a fragmentary rear view of a portion of one of the headers illustrated in- Fig. 4 and showing handhole covers in position in two of the openings; Fig. 9 is a sectional view taken along the plane of the line 9-9 of Fig. 8; Fig.'10 is a fragmentary view similar to Fig. 8 and illustrating a w speciallyadapt d for high pressure steam boilportion of one of the headers for the lower bank.

of tubes; Fig. 11 is a sectional view taken along the plane of the line i|-I| of Fig. 10; Fig. 12 is a fragmentary side view of one of the headers with the nandhole cover in position: Fig. 13 is a thereof; Fig. 14 is a viewsimilar to Fig. 13, illustrating headers and tubes of the lower bank; and Fig; 15 is a view corresponding generally to Fig. 1. but showing a different form of boiler. with which the invention may be practiced.

Like reference characters indicate like, parts in I the different views.

Referring now to the drawings and first to the general arrangement of the parts illustrated in Fig. 1, a chain grate stoker' I is located in the lower portion of the furnace chamber II which is enclosed at the front and rear by the front and rear walls I! and I3, respectively, the inner face of the front wall preferably being inclined upwardly and outwardly at one portion as at M, and the rear wall preferably being inclined upwardly and outwardly throughout the major portion thereof, as illustrated. to form a furnace chamber of an upwardly increasing flow area. Above the furnace chamber is located a water tube boiler comprising upper and lower spaced- 1 'l lpplil'ld:atlilt'till April 3E3, 13.92%, Stimuli Nib. 79,955

Renewed .liuly Ill, 1933 (on. liesees) upper bank being connected to uptake and downtake headers ii and 18, respectively, while the lower bank of tubes iii are connected to headers it and 2B, respectively, the headers ii and 99 preferably being connected by nipples 2!, while the headers i8 and 20 are connected by nipples 22. The headers ii, iii and I8, 20 form upper and lower header sections of uptake and downtake headers, respectively, and while I have illustrated the same as physically distinct and connected by nipples, it will, of course, be understood that the same may be'integral. Such an arrangement is illustrated in Fig. 15, which-will be more fully described later. The tubes of the lower bank iii are preferably exposed for substantially their entire length to the radiant heat of the furnace, a bailie 23 preferably being placed on the lower bank of tubes and extending forwardly from the upper ends of the headers 20, in order to direct the gases forwardly. In the space between the upper and lower banks of tubes l5 and I6 is located a superheater, which I have indicated generally at 24, and comprising headers 25 and 26, extending, atrlght angles to the water tubes of the boiler, the head- 25 ers being connected by tubes 2l that are bent to a V-form, and with the straight portions of the tubes forming, one part of the V, and which enter the uppermost superheater box 25, substantially horizontal, the tube portions forming the other side of the V and which enter the lowermost box 26 being substantially parallel to the lower bank of tubes. The lower superheater box 26 is. preferably sealed, or substantially sealed, against an upward extension 23 of the baiiie 22, a suitable baiile 28 being placed between the superheater boxes 25 and 26. A baiiie 29 extends from the upper box 25 across the upper bankof tubes l5, and preferably in a vertical direction, so as to create an upward pass across the upper tubes of a progressively diminishing flow area. The uptake headers ll are preferably connected to. the steam and water drum ill by circulating tubes 3|, which are connected to the upper ends of the headers l'l,'while the headers ll may conveniently be connected to the steam and water drum by nipples 32. Hangers 3|, one of which is shown in Fig. 1 and which are connected to a fixed support of the framesion means for the circulating tubes, headers,

and tube banks of the boiler. Preferably, a plurality of walls or bailies 33 and 34 extend upwardly from the top of the lower bank of tubes I to the portions of the superheater tubes 21, which are parallel thereto, and serve to direct the gases which pass upwardly across the lower bank of tubes among the tubes of the superheater. The superheater is preferably spaced from one end of the boiler as illustrated, and affords a free space between the upper and lower banks of tubes through which the gases are di-v rected after passing over the tubes of the second bank in their flow to the outlet flue. The space between the two banks of tubes, therefore, is entirely utilized, the portion at the left, as viewed in Fig. 1, being occupied by the superheater, while the portion at the right is utilized as a flue for the flow of gases after passing over the tubes of the upper bank.

Preferably, spacing members indicated generally at 330 and 33l extend upwardly from the walls or baiiies 33 and 34 across the lower branches of the superheater tubes, each such spacing member preferably comprising two walls or layers, each composed of strips 332 extending diagonally between the tubes and installed by inserting them in the lanes between the tubes, and then turning them into place, the strips comprising the two walls or layers being located in lanes extending at an angle to each other, so that the strips are arranged at angles to each other. The superheater tubes are preferably staggered, as indicated. The upper branches of the superheater tubes are preferably spaced by strips 333, which may be similar to the strips 330 and 33L These strips are preferably supported from the upper bank of boiler tubes by su porting members or tie pieces 334, preferably treated on their outer surfaces, as by calorizing, to render them heat resisting. These pieces 334 are attached at their upper ends, as at 335, to pieces 336 (see Fig. 1) extending between the tubes of the upper bank l5, the strips extending upwardly to a point sufficient to afford the necessary support for the upper branches of the superheater tubes.

The gases from the furnace chamber pass upwardly in a single pass across the tubes of the lower bank '6, and then over the tubes of the superheater 24, and then pass upwardly through the first pass across the tubes of the upper bank l5 and over the baffle 29, and then downwardly in a second pass across the tubes of the upper bank. After leaving the second pass, the gases preferably pass between the nipples 22 joining the upper and lower header sections i8 and 20 to a flue 35, from which, after passing upwardly over a bafiie 38, they pass downwardly through a flue 36, and over an economizer 31 located therein, the economizer illustrated being the high pressure stage of a two-stage economizer, the low pressure stage of which is not illustrated. Preferably, the hue 36 and the economizer 31 extend to a point above the flue 35, and in order to direct the gases from the flue 35. to the upper end of the economizer, a baffle 38 extends upwardly from the lower portion and the outer end of the flue 35, the flue 35 preferably comprising an inclined wall section 39, which, with the baffle 38. serves to direct the gases to the upper end of the economizer in a manner generally indicated by the direction of the arrow. The gases then flow downwardly over the tubes of the economizer 31 to an outlet flue 40.

I have illustrated in Figs. 2 to 8 the preferable arrangement er the headers and the parts associated therewith for the upper and lower banks of tubes. Referr ng to Figs. 2, 3 and 4, the lilustrative hende. i! has two opposite walls ll and 42 whichmmmformwhiie one of the other walls 43 of the header is provided with tube openings 1 arranged in rows transversely of the header as mutated, and preferably with two openings to each row, there being one row only for My of the header and the rows preferably being placed opporite to the bend or sinuosityt- The will I of the header opposite to the waili u with handhoies I, preferably corresponding in. number to the tube openings, and located We thereto in the usual manner. with per row per header, as illustrated, there are twice as may boiler tubes I! connected to each header as there are horizontal rows of tubes.-

Referring now to Figs. 5, 6 and. 7, the headers are of ta same general form as those illustrated in Figs], 3 and. i: and. need not further be described. These headers, however, are provided with a single tube opening 31 opposite each sinuosity, with handhoies opposite thereto in the opposite wall, so that there is the'seme number of tubes connected to the lower section of each header as there are horizontal rows of tubes in the lower bank. Furthermore, the tube openings, and the tubes connected thereto are of larger diameter than the corresponding tube openings and tubes of the upper bank, as will be evident from an inspection of Figs. 13 and i4, and

are further spaced apart than are the tube openings and tubes of the upper section, the parts being so arranged that when the headers of the lower section are nested together, as illustrated in Fig. l-Lthe flow area for the gases between any two tubes per unit length of the tubes is greater than for the upper bank of boiler tubes and the combined. areas of the spaces between the tubes of a row are preferably more than one-half of the total sectional area of the pass.

The arrangement of the tube openings and the tubes in both Figs. 13 and 14, brings the tubes of the successive rows' into staggered relation, and produce diagonal lanes in both directions between the tubes, as well as horizontal lanes, which are convenient for cleaning purposes.

In Figs. 8 and 9', I have illustrated the handholes 46 for the upper headers l1 and the handhole covers 48- in position therein in two of the openings. The handhole cover comprises the usual cover plate 49 to which is secured a bolt 50, the cover plate being secured in position by a nut 51 which engages a bridge piece 52. The construction of the parts illustrated in Figs. l0, l1 and 12 is the same, except as to size, as those illustrated in Figs. 8 and9, and the same reference characters are applied thereto, except that the character a is appended thereto, and need not further be described.

In operation, the hot gases rise from the combustion chamber and flow through the first pass of the boiler and are cooled. These cooled gases, in the arrangement shown. flow downward in the second pass of the: boiler, andv because the economizer is located in the vertical flue with the gas inlet at the top and the gas outlet at the bottom, it will be seen that the gases continue to flow downward until they reach the outlet of the economizer, from which point they may flow over a low pressure stage of the economizer; The cooled gases have a lesser tendency to rise' than the hot gases in the furnace and in the first pass of the boiler, so that obviously less effort will be required on the part of the fan, which is preferably located beyond the economizer, to draw the gases through the boiler and over the econodownwardthrough the second. pass, thereis no a greater number of turns in passing over the boilerand 'i-advantagawas not taken of the difference'indensityinthe ascending and descending columns-of the gases. This fact, furthermore, is increased by; the fact that as; the gases pass tendency forthe hottergases to flow ata greater velocity than the cooler gases, thereby causing a laning action, such as would occur in an upwardpassr a By using larger tubes in the lower bank, with V wider spaces between them than between the smaller tubes of themain upperbank, a: freer flow of the hot gases overthe tubes issecured.

and the slagging difliculties minimized; Further! w more, by spacing the tubes of the-lowerbank wider apart than. the tubes of the upper bank, the hot gases flow more freely over the tubes than would be the, case if theywere spaced-more closely. This wide spacing reduces heat absorption by contact of hot gases with the tubes to a lesser.

value than would be the case with close spacing,

which condition is appropriate totubes subjected to radiant heat and locatedzin the path of the hottest gases; ,Theupper tubebank arrangement qpromotes heat absorption. from the, gases that.

have passedover the lower tube bankand superheater beingthereby cooled by increasing the mass flow. a result of the baflle and the incline: tion of the baiile contracting the passes in the i {direction of flow. Heat absorption is also promoted in theupper bank by the use of smaller tubes and closer spacing, which adds heating surface per foot oflength, subdivides the gasstre'am more eflectively and more frequently mixes the gases that are cooled by contact with those not so cooled by reason of passing between the tubes of a given layer. a I

While I have illustrated sectional headers as the water chambers connecting the ends of the tubes, it will be understood that many features of my invention may be used in boilers in which water legs are used instead of sectional headers. In Fig. 15. is shown theinvention as applied to a boiler in which the spaced banks of tubes l5 and l8 are connected to continuous uptake and downtake headers l1 and I8, respectively. The arrangement is substantially the same as shown and described in connection with Fig. l, and similar reference characters have been applied tosimilar parts. In this form of boiler, however, the gases, after passing, through the first pass between the uptake headers and the baffle 29, are deflected downwardly through a pass formed between the battle 29 and a second baiiie 29', and then upwardly between the baiiie 29' and the downtake headers l8. They then pass between the nipples 32 into a flue 35' which may lead to an economizer or other device. In other respects, the operation is substantially the same as previ-' ously described in connection with Fig. 1.

I claim: 7

1. In a steam boiler, two spaced banks of inclined water tubes, uptake and downtake headers to which the ends of said tubes. are connected, each header comprising an uppersection for the upper, bank and a lower section for the lower bank, each section being continuous throughout and the upper "section being sinuous in form, the headers and tubes being constructed and arranged to form diagonal lanes in both directions between the tubesof both banks, and with twice as many tubes "epnnected to the upper section of each header as there are horizontal rows of tubes in the upper bank, and with the same number of tubes connected to the lower section oi eachheader as there are rows of tubes in the lower" bank.

2. In a steam boiler,t wo spaced banks oiinclined water tubes, uptake and downtake headers to which the endsof said tubes are connected,--

each header comprising an upper section for the upper bank-and a lower section for the lower bank, each section being continuous throughout and the upper section being sinuous in form, ,the headers and tubes being: constructed. and ar-- ranged to form diagonal lanesinboth directions between the tubesof both banks, and withtwice as many tubes connected to the upper section of each header asthere are horizontairows of tubes in the upper v banl and with the same number oi tubes connected to thelower section of each header as there are grows. of-tubes in the. lower bank, the tubes of thelower bank being of larger diameter than thoseoftheupperlbank. .7

3. In a steam'boiler, two spaced banksof inclined water tubes, uptake and downtake headers vto which the endsof said tubes" are connected,v

each header comprisinglan upper-section for the upper bankv and slower section for the lower] bank, each section being continuous throughout and the upper section beingsinuous'in form, the headers d. tubes bales. c str c ed d, r-I ranged to iorrndiago'n l lanes in both directions I between thetubesof both bankaand with twice as many tubes connected to the upper section of,

each header as there arehorizontal rows of tubes in the upper. bank, and. with, the same number of tubes connected to tlie lower section of each header asthere are rowsof, tubes in the lower bank, the tubes of thelower bank being of larger diameter and further spaced apart than those of the upper bank.

4. In a steamboiler, twospaced banks of in clined water tubes, uptake anddowntake headers to which the ends of said tubes are connected, each-header comprising an upper section for the upper bank and a lower section' for' the lower bank, each section being cpntinuous throughout and the upper section being sinuous in form, the headers and tubes being. constructed andarranged to form diagonal lanes in both directions between the tubes of both. banks, and with twice as many tubes connected to. the upper section of each header as there. are horizontal rows of tubes in the upper bank, and with thesame numberof 5. In a steam boiler, two spaced banks of inclined water tubes, uptake and downtake headers to which the ends of said tubes are connected, each header comprising an upper section for the upper bank and a lower section for the lower bank, each section being continuous throughout and the upper section beinglsinuous in form, the headers and tubes being constructed and arranged to form diagonal lanes in'both directions between the tubes or both bankaand with twice as many tubesconnected to the upper section of each header as there are horizontal rows of tubes in the upper bank, and with the same number of tubes connected to the lower section ofeach header as there arerows oftubes in the lower" bank, and a super-heater located between thetwo said banks of tubes. r I

6. In a steamboiler 'two spaced of in substantially parallel :to the lower :bank of tubes and spaced therefrom, and a of walls extending upwardly from the lower bank of tubes across the branches of the superheater tubes which are parallel to the lower bank.

7.. In a steam boiler, two spaced banks of inclined water tubes, the tubes of the lower bank being exposed to the radiant heat of :the furnace for substantially their ermine length, :uptake and downtake water chambers :to which the ends of said tubes are connected, 2 superheater located between the two said banks of tubes with bent tubes having straight porziiomsznne portion of said tubes being to the lower bank of tubes and spaced .and a plurality of walls extending upwardly prom the lower bank of tubes across the branches-f the superheoter which are to ilower bank.

8.. A boiler ralbave the combustion chamher a bank of horizontal tubes below which and approximately gpanaillel thereto is a second bank, the tubes :in horizontal alignment in the second spaced apart farther than those in flignment in .the first bank and the vertical distance .the lowest tubes of the first bank to the adjacent tubes of the second bank being greater that between the two adjacent horizontal lines of tubes in the first bank and at least as great as the minimum distance between adjacent horizontal lines of tubes in the second bank. and vertical headers alongside of and in contact with each other and carrying both banks of tubes.

.9. In combination, a combustion chamber, a boiler comprising banks of horizontally inclined tubes disposed above the chamber and spaced apart in the direction of the flowof :gases from the chamber. the tubes in each bdflkEbeing arranged in horizontal rows and approximately uniformly spaced apart in said rows, each of .said rows in the lower bank having a smaller :number of tubes therein than a row in the upper bank and the vertical distance between the lowest :row in the upper bank and the uppermost :row in .the lower bank being greater than the distance between the two lowermost rows in the upper bank, and uptake and downtake headers connected to the opposite ends of the tubes in each bank, the headers and tubes being constructed :and arranged to form diagonal lanes in both directions between the tubes of both banks.

10. In combination, a combustion chamber, a boiler comprising banks of horizontally inclined tubes disposed above the chamber and spaced apart in the direction of :the flow of gases from the chamber, the tubes in each bank being arranged in horizontal rows and approximately unlformly spaced apart in cold rows, each of said rows in the lower bank having a smaller number of tubes therein than a row in the-upper bank and the vertical distance between the lowest row in the upper book and the uppermost row in the lower bank being greater than .the distance between the two rows in the upper bank, and uptake and downtnke headersconnected to the opposite ends of the tubes in each bank, the headers and tubes and arranged to form diagonal lanes in both directions between the tubes of the 11. A boiler having above the combustion chamber a bank of approximately horizontal tubes below which and approximately parallel thereto is a second bank, the tubes in the lower bank being of larger diameter than those in the upper bank and both the horizontal and vertical spacing between tubes in the lower bank being greater than the horizontal and vertical spacing of tubes in the upper'bank, and vertical headers alongside and adjacent each other and carrying both banks of tubes, the headers and tubes being constructed and arranged to form intersecting lanes of substantially uniform width between the tubes of both banks.

12. A boiler having above the combustion chamber a bank of approximately horizontal tubes below which and approximately parallel thereto is a second bank, the tubes in the lower bank being of larger diameter than those in the upper bank and the horizontal spacing between said tubes in the lower bank being greater than the horizontal spacing between the tubes in the upper bank, and vertical headers alongside and adjacent each other and carrying both banks of tubes, the headers and tubes being constructed and arranged to form intersecting lanes of substantially uniform width. between the tubes of both banks.

13. A boiler having above the combustion chamber a. bank of approximately horizontal tubes below which and approximately parallel thereto is a second bank in a plurality of horizontal lines of staggered tubes, the tubes in said second bank being of larger diameter than those in the first bank, the tubes in horizontal alignment in the second bank being spaced apart farther than those in horizontal alignment in the first bank, and-the vertical distance between the tubes in adjacent horizontal lines of the second bank being greater than that between the horizontal lines of tubes in the first bank, the tubes of both banks being so arranged as to form intersecting lanes of substantially uniform width therebetween.

14. A boiler having above the combustion chamber a bank of approximately horizontal tubes below which and approximately parallel thereto is a second bank in a plurality of horizontal lines of staggered tubes, the diameter of the tubes in the second bank being at least as great as the diameter of the tubes in the first bank, the tubes in horizontal alignment in the second bank being spaced apart farther than those in horizontal alignment in the first bank, and the vertical distance between the tubes in adjacent horizontal lines of the second bank being greater than that between ,the horizontal lines of tubes in the first bank, the tubes of both banks being so arranged as to form intersecting lanes of substantially uniform width therebetween.

15. A boiler having above the combustion chamber a bank of approximately horizontal tubes below which and approximately parallel thereto is a. second bank in a plurality of horizontal' lines of staggered tubes, the diameter of the tubes in the second bank being at least as great as the diameter of the tubes in the first bank, the tubes in horizontal alignment in the second bank being spaced apart farther than those in horizontal alignment in the first bank, and the vertical distance between the tubes in adjacent horizontal lines of the second bank being greater than that between the horizontal lines of tubes in the first bank, the tubes of both banks being se arranged as to form diagonal lenes therehetween in both directions.

16. A boiler having above the combustion chamber 9. first bank of tubes and below which is a, second hank comprising tubes extending iongitudinally oi. the tubes of the first bank, the tubes in both banks being disposed in rows in planes extending transversely of the direction of flow mi gases through the banks, the center to center spacing of tubes in the rows being greater for the second bank then for the first bank, the

distance between the planes of adjacent rows being greater for the second bank than or the first bank, and the tubes of both banks being so arranged as to form intersecting diagonal lanes therebetween.

DAVID S. JACOMUS. 

